I got Bacterial Vaginosis after I had sex. Is it an STI?

At Better2Know, we often receive questions from our patients about various health concerns. One recent query stood out: “Does Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) count as a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?” This question arose after a reader experienced BV following sexual intercourse.

Understanding BV and its causes is crucial for any sexually active woman. While BV is not classified as an STI, we only see it in sexually active women, and it can be influenced by sexual activity.

Keep reading to find out more!

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What is Bacterial Vaginosis?

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of the natural bacteria found in the vagina. Normally, “good” bacteria (lactobacilli) outnumber the “bad” bacteria (anaerobes). When this balance is disrupted, the anaerobes can grow out of balance, leading to BV.

Bacterial Vaginosis symptoms can vary, but often include:

A thin, white or gray vaginal discharge, or just any other unusual changes
A strong, fishy odour, especially after sex

Less common symptoms include:

Vaginal itching and pain
Irritation and redness around the vagina
Burning during urination

Is Bacterial Vaginosis an STI?

One of the most common misconceptions about BV is that it is an STI. However, BV is not classified as an STI.

But why?

BV and sexual activity

BV is often associated with sexual activity. Engaging in sexual activity can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina, which may lead to BV. This is why some women notice BV symptoms after having sex with a new partner or multiple partners.

Why the confusion?

Confusion often arises because the symptoms of BV can overlap with those of sexually transmitted infections, such as:

An unusual discharge that often appears thin, white, or grey
A foul vaginal odor
Itching and irritation around the vagina

Although these symptoms are also seen in infections like Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, and Mycoplasma, the unusual smell is usually a giveaway.

Additionally, because Bacterial Vaginosis can occur after sexual intercourse, the presence of symptoms can lead someone to think they have contracted an STI when they haven’t. BV is also more likely to occur the more sex you have and the more people you have sex with.

The issue can be made more complicated by the fact that someone with a current BV infection can pass that infection onto someone else during vaginal intercourse. This common between women, but less likely to happen woman to man.

However, because the infection can arise on its own without sexual activity, it cannot be technically considered an STI.

How else can I get BV?

While many women will develop BV or vaginal symptoms as a result of having vaginal sex, there are several additional factors that can increase your chance of getting Bacterial Vaginosis.

Douching: Douching can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina, leading to Bacterial Vaginosis. It is generally recommended to avoid douching to maintain vaginal health.
Hygiene products: Using certain scented soaps, bubble baths, or vaginal sprays can irritate the vaginal area and disrupt the bacterial balance.
Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those occurring during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause, can affect the vaginal environment and contribute to BV.
Antibiotics: Taking antibiotics for other infections can kill the “good” bacteria in the vagina, leading to an overgrowth of “bad” bacteria.

By understanding these factors, you can take steps to reduce your risk of developing BV. Maintaining good hygiene practices, avoiding douching, and being mindful of the products you use can help keep your vaginal flora balanced.

Preventing and treating BV

Preventing BV involves maintaining a healthy balance of bacteria in the vagina. Here are some tips to help prevent BV and an overview of the treatment options available if you do develop it.

Methods to prevent Bacterial Vaginosis

Good hygiene practices:
- Avoid douching: Douching can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina, increasing the risk of BV. It’s best to avoid this practice altogether.
- Use mild soaps: Use unscented, mild soaps for washing the genital area. Avoid scented soaps, bubble baths, and vaginal sprays that can irritate the vagina.
- Proper cleaning: Always wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent the spread of bacteria from the anus to the vagina.
Safe sexual practices:
- Limit sexual partners: Having multiple sexual partners can increase the risk of BV. Limiting the number of sexual partners can help maintain a healthy vaginal environment.
Healthy lifestyle choices:
- Wear breathable underwear: Choose cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting clothing to allow the genital area to breathe and stay dry.
- Balanced diet: Eating a balanced diet and staying hydrated can support overall health, including vaginal health.
- Get tested: Getting tested if suspicious symptoms occur. The bacteria that can cause this can be looked for on an STI screen.

Treatment options

If you do develop this infection, there are effective ways to treat BV:

Antibiotics: BV is typically treated with antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare provider, which can be taken orally or applied as a vaginal cream or gel. They are not generally 100% effective, so paying attention to other ways to improve your vaginal flora is important.
Probiotics: Some studies suggest that probiotics, which help restore the balance of good bacteria in the body, can help treat Bacterial Vaginosis. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any probiotic supplements.
Follow-up care: It’s important to complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve before finishing the medication. Follow up with your healthcare provider if symptoms persist or recur.

By following these prevention tips and seeking appropriate treatment, you can manage BV effectively and maintain a healthy vaginal environment. If you experience symptoms of BV, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare provider for advice and treatment.

Final thoughts

Remember, BV is a common and manageable bacterial infection. If you experience symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice for proper diagnosis and treatment. By understanding BV and taking preventive measures, you can maintain a healthy vaginal environment and reduce the risk of recurrence.

If you have any concerns or questions about BV or other health issues, don’t hesitate to reach out to Better2Know. Your health and well-being are important, and there are resources available to help you manage and overcome any other vaginal infections you may contract.